责任链模式

职责链模式（Chain of Responsibility）是一种对象的行为模式。在职责链模式里，很多对象由每一个对象对其下家的引用而连接起来形成一条链。请求在这个链上传递，直到链上的某一个对象决定处理此请求。发出这个请求的客户端并不知道链上的哪一个对象最终处理这个请求，这使得系统可以在不影响客户端的情况下动态地重新组织链和分配责任。

结构示意图

代码举例

以下的日志类(logging)例子演示了该模式。 每一个logging handler首先决定是否需要在该层做处理，然后将控制传递到下一个logging handler。

这个例子中，消息会一直传递到最底层不管它是否已经被处理。

import java.util.*;

abstract class Logger 
{
    public static int ERR = 3;
    public static int NOTICE = 5;
    public static int DEBUG = 7;
    protected int mask;

    // The next element in the chain of responsibility
    protected Logger next;
    public Logger setNext( Logger l)
    {
        next = l;
        return this;
    }

    public final void message( String msg, int priority )
    {
        if ( priority <= mask ) 
        {
            writeMessage( msg );
            if ( next != null )
            {
                next.message( msg, priority );
            }
        }
    }

    protected abstract void writeMessage( String msg );

}

class StdoutLogger extends Logger 
{

    public StdoutLogger( int mask ) { this.mask = mask; }

    protected void writeMessage( String msg )
    {
        System.out.println( "Writting to stdout: " + msg );
    }
}


class EmailLogger extends Logger 
{

    public EmailLogger( int mask ) { this.mask = mask; }

    protected void writeMessage( String msg )
    {
        System.out.println( "Sending via email: " + msg );
    }
}

class StderrLogger extends Logger 
{

    public StderrLogger( int mask ) { this.mask = mask; }

    protected void writeMessage( String msg )
    {
        System.out.println( "Sending to stderr: " + msg );
    }
}

public class ChainOfResponsibilityExample
{
    public static void main( String[] args )
    {
        // Build the chain of responsibility
        Logger l = new StdoutLogger( Logger.DEBUG).setNext(
                            new EmailLogger( Logger.NOTICE ).setNext(
                            new StderrLogger( Logger.ERR ) ) );

        // Handled by StdoutLogger
        l.message( "Entering function y.", Logger.DEBUG );

        // Handled by StdoutLogger and EmailLogger
        l.message( "Step1 completed.", Logger.NOTICE );

        // Handled by all three loggers
        l.message( "An error has occurred.", Logger.ERR );
    }
}

程序的输出是：

  Writing to debug output: Entering function y.
  Writing to debug output: Step1 completed.
  Sending via e-mail:      Step1 completed.
  Writing to debug output: An error has occurred.
  Sending via e-mail:      An error has occurred.
  Writing to stderr:       An error has occurred.